Endometrial cancer treatments are performed to cure the disease that develops in the endometrium, which covers the inner surface of the uterus and prepares for pregnancy by shedding a layer every month in women.
Endometrial cancer, often referred to as uterine cancer, is a common gynecological malignancy that affects women. It originates in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. Understanding this disease is essential for early detection and effective management.
Causes of Endometrial Cancer
The precise causes of endometrial cancer are not always clear, but several risk factors have been identified:
- Hormonal imbalance
- Age and menopause
- Obesity
- Hereditary factors
- Diabetes
- Tamoxifen use
The most significant risk factor is an excess of estrogen without the counterbalance of progesterone. This often occurs in women with conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, or estrogen replacement therapy without progesterone. Additionally, the risk of endometrial cancer increases with age, and most cases are diagnosed in women after menopause.
On the other hand, excess fat tissue can lead to higher estrogen levels, increasing the risk of endometrial cancer. A family history of certain cancers, like Lynch syndrome, can increase the likelihood of developing endometrial cancer. Uncontrolled diabetes may also elevate the risk of this illness.
Recognizing Endometrial Cancer Symptoms
Endometrial cancer often presents with specific symptoms, and early recognition is key to timely diagnosis and effective treatment. While not all women with symptoms will have endometrial cancer, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider if an unusual situation occurs.
The most common and telltale symptom of endometrial cancer is postmenopausal bleeding or abnormal vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods. This can manifest as heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding or bleeding in postmenopausal women who have not had a period for at least a year. Any irregular bleeding pattern should be evaluated.
Persistent pelvic pain or discomfort is another potential symptom. This pain may range from mild to severe and is often localized in the lower abdomen. However, it’s important to note that pelvic pain can be caused by various conditions, and endometrial cancer is just one of many potential causes.
Some women with endometrial cancer may experience pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse. This is not a specific symptom, as it can result from various gynecological issues, but it should not be ignored. In some cases, endometrial cancer can cause a watery or blood-tinged vaginal discharge, which may be foul-smelling. This discharge is often more noticeable in postmenopausal women.
What to Pay Attention to Endometrial Cancer Symptoms
It's important to remember that experiencing one or more symptoms does not necessarily mean a person has endometrial cancer. Many non-cancerous conditions can produce similar signs. However, any persistent, unusual, or severe symptoms should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Early detection of endometrial cancer significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and a positive prognosis.
Routine gynecological check-ups and regular screenings are crucial for women, especially those at higher risk due to factors like obesity, hormonal imbalances, or a family history of cancer. If the patients have concerns or notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, they should immediately seek medical advice and share their worries with a specialist. Early intervention and diagnosis can make a significant difference in the management and outcomes of endometrial cancer.
Endometrial Cancer Treatment Options
Endometrial cancer is a treatable disease, and the choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient’s overall health, and individual preferences. The primary surgical procedure for endometrial cancer involves the removal of the uterus. In a total hysterectomy, the uterus and cervix are removed. For patients with early-stage cancer or specific health considerations, a less extensive procedure called a subtotal or supracervical hysterectomy may be an option.
Furthermore, chemotherapy drugs are administered intravenously or orally to target cancer cells throughout the body. This practice is mostly used in advanced cases when cancer has spread beyond the uterus or as adjuvant therapy after surgery for high-risk cases. Radiotherapy, as used in almost all other cancer treatments, involves the use of high-energy X-rays to target and destroy cancer cells. It is often recommended post-surgery to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence in the pelvis.
In cases where the endometrial cancer is estrogen-receptor positive, progesterone therapy may be prescribed. Progesterone counteracts the effects of estrogen, helping to slow tumor growth and prevent the recurrence of certain types of cancer.
Lastly, some endometrial cancers have specific genetic mutations or molecular abnormalities. Targeted therapy drugs are designed to interfere with these molecular processes in cancer cells. You can get information about endometrial cancer treatment prices and all innovative approaches by making an appointment at Health International.
